老後は年金だけで生活できるのか、難しい場合はいくら稼がなければならないのか明確にするためにも、老後に必要な資金はどのくらいなのかを把握することが大切です。
総務省統計局の調査では、2022年度の65歳以上の単身無職世帯の消費支出と非消費支出の合計額は15万5495円となっており、60代以降も独身で一人暮らしを続ける場合は最低でも15万円程度の生活費が必要であることが分かります。
支出が15万円程度であれば、現在の手取り20万円の収入があれば貯金もできて問題ないと思われるかもしれませんが、病気やけがをして長期間の通院や入院が必要となる可能性もゼロではありません。生活に欠かせない家電製品の買い替えや冠婚葬祭に関する費用が発生することもあります
It is important to understand how much money is needed for retirement in order to clarify whether one can live on a pension alone or, if difficult, how much one must earn.
According to a survey by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the total consumption and non-consumption expenditures of a single unemployed household aged 65 or older in FY2022 was 155,495 yen, indicating that a single person who continues to live alone in his/her 60s and beyond will need at least about 150,000 yen for living expenses.
Although it may seem that with current take-home pay of 200,000 yen, you can save and have no problems if your expenses are only 150,000 yen, there is no possibility that you will need to go to the hospital or be hospitalized for a long period of time due to illness or injury. There is also the possibility that you will need to purchase new home appliances that are essential to your daily life, or incur expenses related to weddings, funerals, and ceremonial occasions.
「自分は今後も独身で一人暮らしを続ける予定で普段旅行もしない。その他の贅沢もするつもりはないから大丈夫」と考えていたとしても、不測の事態が発生して想定外の出費が重なることもあり得るので注意しましょう。老後に必要な金額は状況によってそれぞれ異なりますが「最低でも月20万円くらい必要」と考えておいたほうがよいかもしれません。
老後にもらえる年金は毎月12万円？
老後の収入源として無視できないのが年金の存在です。公的年金はおもに老齢基礎年金と老齢厚生年金があり、現役時代に会社員として働いている場合は基本的に国民年金と厚生年金に加入し、勤務先を通して毎月保険料を納付するケースが多いです。
例えば、22歳で就職して65歳で定年を迎えるまで働いて43年間給料金額は変わらず、年金保険料は満額納付して免除や未納などの期間はないものとします。
手取り金額は「額面の80％」と仮定すると平均報酬額は25万円です。これをもとに2023年時点の制度内容をもとに試算すると、年金の受給額は以下のようになります。
__●老齢基礎年金：月額6万6250円（40年間全額納付）
●老齢厚生年金：月額約6万2482円（報酬比例部分のみの場合）__
年金額計算の基本となる報酬比例部分は加入期間によって計算方法が変わります。
__●（2003年3月以前）平均標準報酬月額×7\.125／1000×2003年3月までの加入期間の月数
●（2003年4月以降）平均標準報酬額×5.481／1000×2003年4月以降の加入期間の月数__
2023年4月時点で55歳の場合、22歳から34歳までは前者、35歳から65歳までは後者が適用されます。それぞれ計算すると25万6500円、49万3290円となり合計で約75万円の老齢厚生年金がもらえる計算です。
年金以外に必要な収入はいくら？
今回の事例において公的年金は合計で毎月12万8700円もらえますが、単身世帯でも毎月20万円以上の支出が見込まれることを考えると、このままでは約8万円の赤字となってしまいます。赤字は預貯金などで補填する必要がありますが、現時点で50万円しかないため事実上「焼け石に水」といえるでしょう。
老後といっても、いまは「人生100年時代」ともいわれる時代です。厚生労働省の調査では2022年度の日本人の平均寿命は男性が約81歳、女性は約87歳となっています。
もし平均寿命と同じくらい生きる場合でも65歳時点から考えて15年以上あります。年金のみだと毎月8万円不足する場合は15年間で1440万円以上稼がなければならない計算です。
Even if you think, "I will continue to be single and live alone, and I don't usually travel, and I don't plan on any other luxuries, so I'll be fine. Even if you think you will be fine because you do not intend to live alone and do not plan to spend on other luxuries, be aware that unforeseen circumstances may arise that may cause you to incur unexpected expenses. The amount of money you will need for your retirement depends on your situation, but you may want to consider that you will need at least 200,000 yen per month.
The monthly pension you will receive in your old age is 120,000 yen?
Pension is one of the sources of income in old age that cannot be ignored. Public pensions consist mainly of the Basic Old-Age Pension and the Old-Age Employees' Pension. If you are working as a company employee during your working years, you are basically enrolled in the National Pension Plan and the Employees' Pension Plan, and in many cases you pay monthly premiums through your employer.
For example, assume that a person starts working at the age of 22 and works until retirement at the age of 65, with no change in salary for 43 years, pays the full amount of pension premiums, and has no periods of exemptions or non-payment.
Assuming that the take-home pay is "80% of face value," the average compensation is 250,000 yen. Based on this assumption, the amount of pension benefits received in 2023 would be as follows.
Basic old-age pension: 66,250 yen per month (paid in full for 40 years)
Old-age welfare pension: approximately 62,482 yen per month (in the case of the remuneration-proportional portion only) __.
The calculation method for the compensation-proportional portion, which is the basis for calculating the pension amount, changes depending on the period of enrollment.
__● (Before March 2003) Average monthly standard remuneration x 7 \.125/1000 x the number of months of enrollment up to March 2003
__● (After April 2003) Average monthly standard remuneration x 5.481/1000 x number of months of enrollment period after April 2003___.
If you are 55 years old as of April 2023, the former applies from age 22 to 34 and the latter from age 35 to 65. Calculations show that you will receive 256,500 yen and 493,290 yen, respectively, for a total of approximately 750,000 yen in old-age pension benefits.
How much income other than the pension is needed?
In the present case, the public pension is 128,700 yen per month in total, but considering that a single-person household is expected to spend more than 200,000 yen per month, this would result in a deficit of about 80,000 yen. The deficit will need to be covered by savings or other means, but since there is only 500,000 yen at this point, it is effectively "water left over after the stone has been burned.
In terms of retirement, we are now in the era of "100-year life expectancy. According to a survey by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the average life expectancy for Japanese men and women in the year 2022 is approximately 81 years and 87 years, respectively.
Even if they live as long as the average life expectancy, they will still have more than 15 years to live from the age of 65. If the monthly shortfall is 80,000 yen if you only have a pension, you will have to earn more than 14.4 million yen in 15 years.
